海尔赫亨·托特·辛特·扬斯

Dutch

早期尼德兰油画先驱

赫尔特亨·托特·辛特·扬斯（Geertgen tot Sint Jans），又称哈勒姆的赫尔特亨（Geertgen van Haarlem）、哈勒姆的格里特（Gerrit van Haarlem）、格里特·格里茨松（Gerrit Gerritsz）、赫尔特亨（Gheertgen）、赫里特（Geerrit）、赫里特（Gheerrit），或杰拉尔德的任何其他指小形式，是神圣罗马帝国北部低地国家的一位早期尼德兰画家。目前尚未发现任何关于他生平的当代文献记录，最早出版的关于其生平与作品的记载见于1604年卡雷尔·范·曼德尔（Karel van Mander）的《画家之书》（Schilder-boeck）。 根据范·曼德尔的说法，赫尔特根可能是阿尔伯特·范·奥瓦特的学生，后者是低地国家北部最早的油画画家之一。两位画家都生活在哈勒姆市，赫尔特根隶属于圣约翰骑士团之家，可能作为俗家兄弟，并为他们绘制了一幅祭坛画。在范·曼德尔的书中，他指出赫尔特根虽未加入该修会，却采用了圣约翰之名，因此他的姓氏“tot Sint Jans”源自该修会的名称，意为“归于圣约翰”。 Though van Mander calls him Geertgen tot Sint Jans, painter from Haarlem, indicating he was from Haarlem, it is possible that he was perhaps born in Leiden, then in the Burgundian Netherlands in the Holy Roman Empire, around the year 1465. The assignment of Leiden as his birthplace is traceable to a 17th-century print by Jacob Matham, where he is referred to as Gerardus van Leydanus. There is no known archival evidence for this claim by Matham. This print of The Lamentation of Christ from 1620, shows in the lower left corner "Cum privil. Sa Cae. M. – Gerardus Leydanus Pictor ad S. Ia Bapt. Harlemi pinxit" indicating he was a painter from Leiden at St John the Baptist in Haarlem. In the lower right hand corner it says "Theodorus Matham Sculpsit. Iac Matham excud.", which means that son Theo made the sketch from the painting, and father Jacob Matham engraved it. It was printed in Haarlem in 1620, indicating that the painting was still there at that time. According to van Mander, this painting of the Lamentation was originally on the inside right door of a wood-panel triptych for the high altar of the St. John’s church in Haarlem, and the two side panels were sawed off from the central panel into two separate paintings after the Protestant Reformation. Both side panels are quite fragile and are located in separate museums today. Modern acceptance of Leiden as Geertgen’s birthplace is roughly traceable to Johann Kessler’s dissertation of 1930. 他于1495年左右在哈勒姆去世，享年可能仍不足三十岁，并被安葬于当地的骑士团驻地。现代学者试图根据卡雷尔·范·曼德尔于1604年出版的《画家之书》（中古荷兰语：Het Schilder-boeck）中的信息，推算这位艺术家的逝世日期。