海爾赫亨·托特·辛特·揚斯

Dutch

早期尼德蘭油畫先驅

赫爾特亨·托特·辛特·揚斯（Geertgen tot Sint Jans），又稱哈勒姆的赫爾特亨（Geertgen van Haarlem）、哈勒姆的格里特（Gerrit van Haarlem）、格里特·格里茨松（Gerrit Gerritsz）、赫爾特亨（Gheertgen）、赫里特（Geerrit）、赫里特（Gheerrit），或傑拉爾德的任何其他指小形式，是神聖羅馬帝國北部低地國家的一位早期尼德蘭畫家。目前尚未發現任何關於他生平的當代文獻記錄，最早出版的關於其生平與作品的記載見於1604年卡雷爾·范·曼德爾（Karel van Mander）的《畫家之書》（Schilder-boeck）。 根據范·曼德爾的說法，赫爾特根可能是阿爾伯特·范·奧瓦特的學生，後者是低地國家北部最早的油畫畫家之一。兩位畫家都生活在哈勒姆市，赫爾特根隸屬於聖約翰騎士團之家，可能作為俗家兄弟，並為他們繪製了一幅祭壇畫。在范·曼德爾的書中，他指出赫爾特根雖未加入該修會，卻採用了聖約翰之名，因此他的姓氏「tot Sint Jans」源自該修會的名稱，意為「歸於聖約翰」。 Though van Mander calls him Geertgen tot Sint Jans, painter from Haarlem, indicating he was from Haarlem, it is possible that he was perhaps born in Leiden, then in the Burgundian Netherlands in the Holy Roman Empire, around the year 1465. The assignment of Leiden as his birthplace is traceable to a 17th-century print by Jacob Matham, where he is referred to as Gerardus van Leydanus. There is no known archival evidence for this claim by Matham. This print of The Lamentation of Christ from 1620, shows in the lower left corner "Cum privil. Sa Cae. M. – Gerardus Leydanus Pictor ad S. Ia Bapt. Harlemi pinxit" indicating he was a painter from Leiden at St John the Baptist in Haarlem. In the lower right hand corner it says "Theodorus Matham Sculpsit. Iac Matham excud.", which means that son Theo made the sketch from the painting, and father Jacob Matham engraved it. It was printed in Haarlem in 1620, indicating that the painting was still there at that time. According to van Mander, this painting of the Lamentation was originally on the inside right door of a wood-panel triptych for the high altar of the St. John’s church in Haarlem, and the two side panels were sawed off from the central panel into two separate paintings after the Protestant Reformation. Both side panels are quite fragile and are located in separate museums today. Modern acceptance of Leiden as Geertgen’s birthplace is roughly traceable to Johann Kessler’s dissertation of 1930. 他於1495年左右在哈勒姆去世，享年可能仍不足三十歲，並被安葬於當地的騎士團駐地。現代學者試圖根據卡雷爾·范·曼德爾於1604年出版的《畫家之書》（中古荷蘭語：Het Schilder-boeck）中的資訊，推算這位藝術家的逝世日期。