珀西·范·埃曼·伊沃里

1883-1960 American

写实西部与北方插画

艾弗里出生于加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托，他的童年是在西部环境中度过的，这一环境后来成为他许多插画的背景。18岁时，他进入旧金山的马克·霍普金斯艺术学院学习，两年后在《日落杂志》上发表了几幅线描画。1904年，他申请并被位于威尔明顿的霍华德·派尔学校录取。到1905年秋，派尔为这位年轻艺术家向《麦克卢尔杂志》和《科利尔周刊》的编辑撰写推荐信，敦促他们考虑采用艾弗里的作品。 1906年，他接受了《星期六晚邮报》的一项重要委托，为约瑟夫·康拉德的墨西哥冒险故事《加斯帕尔·鲁伊斯》绘制插图。艾沃里曾于1904年访问墨西哥，他依靠旅途中收集的照片和服装，使他的插图具有真实感。真实性始终是他作品中的关键问题，他积累了大量古董家具、服装和枪支，用作工作室道具。在《加斯帕尔·鲁伊斯》之后，他又接到了许多其他委托，使他的作品得以发表在当时大多数主流杂志上。他专攻西部场景，捕捉了当代作家对旧西部愿景中特有的刺激与暴力。他的画作还配发了关于极北地区的故事，其中包括杰克·伦敦的几篇作品。 By 1909, Ivory had left the Pyle studios and, along with three other Pyle school alumni - W.H.D. Koerner, E. Roscoe Shrader, and Herbert Moore - set up a studio in Claymont, Delaware. There, the "four horsemen of Naamans", as Shrader later called the group, pursued their professional careers. In 1915, Ivory and his wife spent the summer in California, Alaska, and the Yukon, where the artist took many photographs of the region as studies for later illustrations. Although Ivory maintained a studio in Philadelphia for a short period in 1913 and 1914, he did most of his work in Wilmington until 1918, when he moved to New York City. There he joined a group of artists based in the Studio Building at West Tenth Street, and, in the company of artists like photographer G.W. Harting and writer-painter Kahlil Gibran, Ivory continued his efforts. By this time, however, tastes in illustration were changing and fewer commissions came Ivory's way. With the onset of the Depression, his career was cut short. Although Ivory later painted for personal enjoyment after the effects of the Depression subsided, he no longer supported himself through his art. 来源：《一所小型艺术学校》，罗兰·埃尔齐亚和伊丽莎白·H·霍克斯（编辑）。特拉华艺术博物馆。1980年