威廉·麥格雷戈·帕克斯頓
波士頓畫派肖像與室內畫
威廉·麥格雷戈·帕克斯頓是一位美國畫家和教師,他信奉波士頓畫派的理念,並且是波士頓藝術家協會的聯合創始人。他在考爾斯藝術學校就讀期間曾短暫任教,在那裡他遇到了他的妻子伊麗莎白·奧基·帕克斯頓,之後又在波士頓美術博物館學校任教。帕克斯頓以其肖像畫而聞名,其中包括兩位總統——格羅弗·克利夫蘭和卡爾文·柯立芝——以及以女性為主題的室內場景畫作,包括他的妻子。他的作品收藏於美國許多博物館中。 他於1869年6月22日出生在巴爾的摩,父母是詹姆斯和羅斯·多爾蒂·帕克斯頓。威廉的父親在19世紀70年代中期將帕克斯頓一家遷至麻薩諸塞州的牛頓角,並在那裡創辦了一家餐飲承辦業務。 帕克斯頓在18歲時獲得獎學金,進入考爾斯藝術學校就讀。他師從丹尼斯·米勒·邦克和考爾斯,隨後前往巴黎,在讓-萊昂·熱羅姆的指導下於巴黎高等美術學院學習。瑪麗希爾藝術博物館稱,他還在巴黎的朱利安學院學習過。他回到考爾斯藝術學校,師從約瑟夫·德坎普,後者也曾教導伊莉莎白·沃恩·奧基。她成為帕克斯頓的學生,後來成為他的妻子。 帕克斯頓於1896年與伊麗莎白·沃恩·奧基訂婚,兩人於1899年1月3日結婚。他們一同前往歐洲旅行,並經常在科德角和安角度過夏季。他們最初在马萨诸塞州牛頓市的埃爾姆伍德街與他的父母同住。大約在1916年,他們居住在波士頓芬威工作室的伊普斯威奇街,或在那裡設有工作室。後來,他們在牛頓中心的蒙特瓦爾路購買了一棟房屋。 Paxton's wife managed his career and modeled for many of his works, like the painting in which she was dressed for the ball. "William McGregor Paxton... benefited from an art-savvy wife who supported his career, using her energy in the bet that his offered the more secure future," said author and art historian Rena Tobey. The couple had no children. Paxton taught from 1906 to 1913 at the Museum of Fine Arts School and painted briefly at Fenway Studios in Boston. He worked at the Harcourt Street Studios in Boston and when it burned in 1904 he lost close to 100 paintings. He then went to the Fenway Studios for a brief period but then moved on to the Riverway Studios, also in Boston. He is primarily known for his portraits and painted both Grover Cleveland and Calvin Coolidge. Maryhill Museum of Art says of his artistry, "Paxton was well known for the attention he gave to the effects of light and detail in flesh and fabric. His works often present idealized views of women, such as this portrait (The Red Fan) of his wife Elizabeth", like Henry James's portrayal of women in his novels The Portrait of a Lady (1881) or The American (1877). His models, often daughters and wives of his patrons, were depicted as refined, cultured women of "conspicuous leisure", and equated with the "precious aesthetic objects surround them", like the women of Thorstein Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) who reflect the wealth of their husbands or fathers. He crafted elaborate compositions with models in his studio, using props that appear in several paintings. 帕克斯頓採用了一種技巧,即在他的構圖中只有一個區域完全清晰對焦,而其餘部分則略顯模糊,他稱之為「雙目視覺」,並將其歸功於維米爾。他開始在自己的作品中運用這一體系,包括《新項鍊》,其中只有金珠輪廓分明,而構圖中的其他物體邊緣則更為柔和、模糊。 帕克斯頓是波士頓畫派的關鍵人物之一,並與弗蘭克·韋斯頓·本森和埃德蒙·查爾斯·塔貝爾共同創立了波士頓藝術家公會。1926年至1927年間,他與另外85位與國家設計學院有關的藝術家和建築師一起接受了德威特·洛克曼的採訪。採訪記錄保存在紐約歷史學會和美國藝術檔案館。帕克斯頓於1928年成為國家設計學院的正式會員。 帕克斯頓在蒙特瓦爾路家中的客廳為妻子作畫時因心臟病發作去世,享年72歲。1941年11月19日至12月14日,波士頓美術館為他舉辦了紀念展覽。他的文件——包括素描、信件和照片——收藏於華盛頓特區史密森尼學會的美國藝術檔案館。
Relationship Network
Master student
- Jean-Léon Gérôme Master
- Frederick Garrison Hall Student
Fellow student
- Albert Edelfelt
- Charles Edouard Delort
- Charles Gleyre
- Clément Pujol de Guastavino
- Douglas Volk
- E Phillips Fox
- Ernest Jules Renoux
- Eugène Girardet
- Frank Myers Boggs
- Frederick Arthur Bridgman
- Henry Moret
- Henry Roderick Newman
- Jean Lecomte du Nouÿ
- John Macallan Swan
- Marie-François Firmin-Girard
- Odilon Redon
- Pascal-Adolphe-Jean Dagnan-Bouveret
- Paul Delaroche
- William Lamb Picknell
- Margaret Evans Price
Artworks by this artist (20 total)
- Ernest Fosbery Esq. 1904
- The Front Parlor 1913
- Edna
- Seated Nude With Sculpture
- Girl Sweeping 1912
- The House Maid 1910
- Nonchalance
- Portrait of a Woman in Black (Mrs. Howard Okie) 1897
- The other door 1917
- The Boston Sunday herald, ladies spring fashions, March 17 1895
- Rose and blue 1913
- Women Dressing 1906
- Glitter 1930
- Male Study ca 1930
- Glow of Gold, Gleam of Pearl 1906
- Tea Leaves 1909
- The Blue Jar 1913
- Portrait of Louise Converse (Mrs. Junius S. Morgan III) 1915
- The Figurine 1921
- Interior with Two Nudes