威廉·馬爾雷迪

1786-1863 English

威廉·馬爾雷迪

浪漫化鄉村風俗畫

威廉·穆爾雷迪(William Mulready),皇家藝術學院院士,是一位居住在倫敦的愛爾蘭風俗畫家。他最為人所知的是其對鄉村場景的浪漫化描繪,以及創作了與「黑便士」郵票同時發行的穆爾雷迪信紙。 威廉·穆爾雷迪出生於克萊爾郡的恩尼斯。早年,即1792年,全家搬到了倫敦,在那裡他得以接受教育,並接受了良好的繪畫訓練,以至於他在十四歲時被皇家藝術學院錄取。 1802年,他娶了風景畫家伊麗莎白·瓦利(1784–1864)。她出身於一個著名的藝術家家庭;她的兄弟包括威廉·布萊克的朋友約翰·瓦利、科尼利厄斯·瓦利和威廉·弗利特伍德·瓦利。 Their three children, Paul Augustus (1805–1864), William (1805–1878), and Michael (1807–1889) also became artists. His relationship with his wife however deteriorated gradually over the years, which is detailed in papers stored at the library of the Victoria and Albert Museum. His strong Catholic beliefs prevented any chance of a divorce but they separated. He accused her of "bad conduct" but shied from providing details. In a letter to him in 1827 she blamed him entirely for the collapse of their marriage, suggesting cruelty, pederastic activities and adultery were the reasons, writing that one of his pupils, Harriet Gouldsmith, had told her Malready "preferred her little finger" to his wife and children, and accusing him having "had taken a low boy to your bed, and turned one adrift at midnight, to seek one at the house of an unmarried man." 他的兒子威廉·穆爾雷迪二世(1805–1878)居住在倫敦,從事肖像畫家和畫作修復師的職業。他有五個孩子(艾倫、瑪麗、奧古斯都·埃德溫、亨利·威廉和約翰)。他們也接受過藝術訓練,但並非所有人都從事藝術職業:亨利·威廉和約翰自稱是「房屋油漆工」。奧古斯都·埃德溫·穆爾雷迪(1844–1904)是其中最為成功的一位,並作為克蘭布魯克藝術家團體的成員而聞名。 他的許多早期作品都是風景畫,直到1808年起,他開始以風俗畫家的身份建立聲譽,主要描繪鄉村生活的日常場景。他還為兒童書籍繪製插圖,包括1807年出版的查爾斯·蘭姆和瑪麗·蘭姆合著的《莎士比亞戲劇故事》第一版;同年出版的威廉·羅斯科的趣味詩歌《蝴蝶的舞會與蚱蜢的盛宴》;以及凱瑟琳·安·多塞特為該詩所作的續篇。其中一些作品是為威廉·戈德溫和瑪麗·簡·克萊爾蒙特的「青少年圖書館」系列創作的;戈德溫隨後以筆名撰寫了一本適合兒童閱讀的穆雷迪早年生平記述。 穆爾雷迪的畫作在維多利亞時代很受歡迎。他的第一幅重要作品《從酒館歸來》現藏於倫敦泰特美術館,題為《集市時光》,於1809年問世。 1815年,他成為皇家藝術學院的準會員(A.R.A.),並於1816年成為皇家藝術學院院士(R.A.)。同年,他還獲頒法國「榮譽軍團勳章」。穆爾雷迪最重要的畫作收藏於維多利亞和艾伯特博物館以及泰特美術館。前者藏有33幅作品,其中包括《漢普斯特德荒野》(1806年)、《咬一口》(1836年)、《初戀》(1839年)、《十四行詩》(1839年)、《挑選婚紗》(1846年)和《靶子(射櫻桃)》(1848年)。後者藏有五幅作品,包括一幅《雪景》。都柏林國家美術館藏有《年輕的兄弟》和《玩具商販》。他的《狼與羔羊》為英國王室收藏。 In 1840, Mulready designed the illustrations for the postal stationery, known as Mulready stationery were introduced by the Royal Mail at the same time as the Penny Black in May 1840. They were issued in two forms; one variant was precut to a diamond or lozenge shape and folded to form an envelope that could be held together by seal at the apex of the topmost flap; and lettersheets that were cut in rectangles, folded over and sealed or tucked in. Stationery manufacturers, whose livelihood was threatened by the new lettersheet, produced many caricatures (or lampoons) of Mulready's design. Only six days after their introduction, on May 12, Rowland Hill wrote that; I fear we shall have to substitute some other stamp for that design by Mulready ... the public have shown their disregard and even distaste for beauty, and within two months a decision had been made to replace the Mulready designed stationery. Essentially Mulready's designs were a folly. 他在倫敦貝斯沃特去世,享年77歲,安葬於附近的肯薩爾綠苑公墓,那裡豎立了一座紀念他的紀念碑。該紀念碑位於主路北側,介於入口與主禮拜堂之間,雖不在墓穴的前排,但因其獨特的造型而易於辨認。這座墓碑由戈弗雷·賽克斯設計。

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Artworks by this artist (18 total)