朱耷
eccentric 水墨画极简风格
朱耷（1626–1705），男，原名朱统𨨗，字刃庵，号八大山人、驴汉、雪个、人屋等，江西南昌人。汉族，明太祖朱元璋第十七子朱权的九世孙。明末清初画家，清初"四大僧"之一。 朱耷自幼受家庭影响。八岁能诗，十一岁能画山水、写行书。他曾承袭奉国中尉爵位。十六岁参加科举考试，成为秀才。 崇祯十七年（1644年），明朝被起义军推翻后，朱耷为避祸佯装聋哑，最终隐居于新建、进贤和奉新的山林之中。 顺治五年（1648年），他剃度出家，法号传潜。顺治十年（1652年），他从耿安长老处受戒，被称为宗师，隐居山中讲授经文。 康熙元年（1662年），他回到南昌，成为城南十五里处的道教寺庙天宁寺的住持。该寺后来在朱耷的主持下重建并更名为青云谱。康熙二十六年（1687年），他将青云谱的领导权移交给涂若愚，并在南昌城内建造了五居草堂。在此期间，他游历访友，大量作画。康熙三十三年（1694年），他创作了作品《鱼石图》。 朱耷于康熙四十四年（1705年）逝世，享年79岁。 Throughout his life, Zhu Da focused mainly on painting, combining it with poetry, calligraphy, and seal carving. His poetry was eccentric, obscure, mystical, and sarcastic. His calligraphy drew from masters like Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, and Yan Zhenqing and could convey a proud and unrestrained temperament with bold strokes while maintaining elegance and fluidity. His painting was particularly renowned; in flower-and-bird paintings, he favored expressive ink washes with exaggerated and unusual forms. His landscape paintings were influenced by Dong Qichang, featuring simple brushwork and a serene quality. His artistic creations achieved the harmony of "simple strokes with complete forms" and "combining form and spirit." Notable works include "Peacock Painting," "Willow and Bathing Birds," and "Lotus and Water Birds." His unique style had a profound influence on later generations.