朱耷
奇逸水墨極簡風格
朱耷（1626–1705），男，原名朱統𨨗，字刃庵，號八大山人、驢漢、雪個、人屋等，江西南昌人。漢族，明太祖朱元璋第十七子朱權的九世孫。明末清初畫家，清初「四大僧」之一。 朱耷自幼受家庭影響。八歲能詩，十一歲能畫山水、寫行書。他曾承襲奉國中尉爵位。十六歲參加科舉考試，成為秀才。 崇禎十七年（1644年），明朝被起義軍推翻後，朱耷為避禍佯裝聾啞，最終隱居於新建、進賢和奉新的山林之中。 順治五年（1648年），他剃度出家，法號傳潛。順治十年（1652年），他從耿安長老處受戒，被稱為宗師，隱居山中講授經文。 康熙元年（1662年），他回到南昌，成為城南十五里處的道教寺廟天寧寺的住持。該寺後來在朱耷的主持下重建並更名為青雲譜。康熙二十六年（1687年），他將青雲譜的領導權移交給涂若愚，並在南昌城內建造了五居草堂。在此期間，他遊歷訪友，大量作畫。康熙三十三年（1694年），他創作了作品《魚石圖》。 朱耷於康熙四十四年（1705年）逝世，享年79歲。 Throughout his life, Zhu Da focused mainly on painting, combining it with poetry, calligraphy, and seal carving. His poetry was eccentric, obscure, mystical, and sarcastic. His calligraphy drew from masters like Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, and Yan Zhenqing and could convey a proud and unrestrained temperament with bold strokes while maintaining elegance and fluidity. His painting was particularly renowned; in flower-and-bird paintings, he favored expressive ink washes with exaggerated and unusual forms. His landscape paintings were influenced by Dong Qichang, featuring simple brushwork and a serene quality. His artistic creations achieved the harmony of "simple strokes with complete forms" and "combining form and spirit." Notable works include "Peacock Painting," "Willow and Bathing Birds," and "Lotus and Water Birds." His unique style had a profound influence on later generations.