约翰·威廉·卢因

1770-1819 English

澳洲首位殖民自然史画家

约翰·威廉·刘易恩是一位出生于英国的艺术家，自1800年起在澳大利亚活跃。作为新南威尔士殖民地的第一位专业艺术家，他为最早的澳大利亚自然史卷册绘制了插图。他的许多插图描绘的是生长在澳大利亚本土植物上的澳大利亚本土鸟类。 刘易恩是专业科学艺术家威廉·刘易恩的儿子，威廉·刘易恩是八卷本著作《大不列颠的鸟类》（1789–94）的作者。威廉·刘易恩的两个儿子约翰·威廉和托马斯与他一起准备工作。威廉在书的序言中肯定了他们的贡献。大约在1797年，约翰·刘易恩渴望访问新南威尔士。 John Lewin planned to travel on HMS Buffalo for New South Wales in 1798 to record ornithological and entomological life for a British patron, Dru Drury. Somehow he missed this voyage but his wife travelled on it and arrived 3 May 1799. Lewin did travel on the Minerva, arriving 11 January 1800, becoming the first resident professional artist in the colony. The resulting books were intended to fund his passage home, but the fashion for Australian natural wonders was already fading by the time he published Prodromus Entomology, Natural History of Lepidopterous Insects of New South Wales, in 1805. Only six copies of his next book, Birds of New Holland with their Natural History, published in 1808 in London, have survived, which suggests that the remaining copies were somehow lost. An 1813 edition of the latter, made up from cast-off prints and pulls, was the first illustrated book to be engraved and printed in Australia. Birds of New South Wales, of which thirteen copies have survived, is considered one of the great Australian bibliographic rarities. Lewin's own, very basic, text was printed by the Government Printer George Howe. 卢因和他的妻子被授予帕拉马塔附近的一个小农场，但到1808年，他们已居住在悉尼，这位艺术家在那里刊登广告，提供肖像微型画服务。总督菲利普·吉德利·金和威廉·布莱是早期的赞助人。麦夸里总督认识到专业艺术家对其殖民地计划的价值，并为保障其收入，于1810年任命他为城市验尸官，并将他纳入1815年对蓝山以外新发现土地的官方考察团。卢因此次探险的水彩画现藏于新南威尔士州立图书馆。麦夸里还委托绘制了由测量总监约翰·奥克斯利在探索巴斯瑟斯特以外地区、利物浦平原和新英格兰地区时所采集植物的插图。 卢因于1819年8月27日在悉尼去世，留下了一位遗孀和一个儿子。他的墓碑可以在植物学湾公墓找到。两种鸟类的名称以他命名以示纪念：卢因秧鸡（Lewinia pectoralis）和卢因吸蜜鸟（Meliphaga lewinii）。

Artworks by this artist (43 total)