約翰·威廉·盧因

1770-1819 English

澳洲首位殖民自然史畫家

約翰·威廉·劉易恩是一位出生於英國的藝術家，自1800年起在澳大利亞活躍。作為新南威爾士殖民地的第一位專業藝術家，他為最早的澳大利亞自然史卷冊繪製了插圖。他的許多插圖描繪的是生長在澳大利亞本土植物上的澳大利亞本土鳥類。 劉易恩是專業科學藝術家威廉·劉易恩的兒子，威廉·劉易恩是八卷本著作《大不列顛的鳥類》（1789–94）的作者。威廉·劉易恩的兩個兒子約翰·威廉和托馬斯與他一起準備工作。威廉在書的序言中肯定了他們的貢獻。大約在1797年，約翰·劉易恩渴望訪問新南威爾士。 John Lewin planned to travel on HMS Buffalo for New South Wales in 1798 to record ornithological and entomological life for a British patron, Dru Drury. Somehow he missed this voyage but his wife travelled on it and arrived 3 May 1799. Lewin did travel on the Minerva, arriving 11 January 1800, becoming the first resident professional artist in the colony. The resulting books were intended to fund his passage home, but the fashion for Australian natural wonders was already fading by the time he published Prodromus Entomology, Natural History of Lepidopterous Insects of New South Wales, in 1805. Only six copies of his next book, Birds of New Holland with their Natural History, published in 1808 in London, have survived, which suggests that the remaining copies were somehow lost. An 1813 edition of the latter, made up from cast-off prints and pulls, was the first illustrated book to be engraved and printed in Australia. Birds of New South Wales, of which thirteen copies have survived, is considered one of the great Australian bibliographic rarities. Lewin's own, very basic, text was printed by the Government Printer George Howe. 盧因和他的妻子獲授予帕拉馬塔附近的一個小農場，但到1808年，他們已居住在雪梨，這位藝術家在那裡刊登廣告，提供肖像微型畫服務。總督菲利普·吉德利·金和威廉·布萊是早期的贊助者。麥覺理總督認識到專業藝術家對其殖民地計畫的價值，並為保障其收入，於1810年任命他為城市驗屍官，並將他納入1815年對藍山以外新發現土地的官方考察團。盧因此次探險的水彩畫現藏於新南威爾斯州立圖書館。麥覺理還委託繪製了由測量總監約翰·奧克斯利在探索巴斯瑟斯特以外地區、利物浦平原和新英格蘭地區時所採集植物的插圖。 盧因於1819年8月27日在雪梨去世，留下一位遺孀和一個兒子。他的墓碑可在植物學灣公墓找到。兩種鳥類的名稱以他命名以示紀念：盧因秧雞（Lewinia pectoralis）和盧因吸蜜鳥（Meliphaga lewinii）。

Artworks by this artist (43 total)