이사달
풍자적 수묵 인물 풍속화
이사달(李士達, 약 16세기 중반–17세기 초)은 자는 통보(通甫), 호는 앙괴(仰槐, 앙회(仰懷)라고도 씀)이며, 강소성 소주 출신(일설에는 섬서성 삼원 출신)으로 후에 소주에서 은거하였다. 그는 만력 2년(1574년)에 진사가 되었다. 명나라 화가로, 인물화와 산수화에 뛰어났으며 '오미'(창·일·기·원·운)와 '오악'(눈·판·각·생·치)의 회화 이론을 제창했다. He was naturally independent and did not flatter the powerful. In the 29th year of Wanli (1601), when the eunuch tax inspector Sun Long gathered a crowd in Suzhou, everyone knelt, but Li Shida saluted with a long bow and walked away. As a result, he was pursued and later lived in seclusion in Xinguo, Suzhou. During his seclusion, he focused on his art. His works covered subjects including scholars, Buddhist and Daoist deities, spirits, and social satire, such as "Gathering of Elegant Scholars in the Western Garden" (Suzhou Museum), "Cold Forest Zhong Kui" (1611), and "Three Camels," the latter using ink cartoon style for satirical meaning, now in the Palace Museum, Beijing. He also created the "Xunyang Pipa Scroll" to express dissatisfaction with the world. He was skilled at depicting scholars’ gatherings and New Year customs, with works like "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" (done at age 67), "Wan Yu Reciting Immortals Scroll" (depicting the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, Hengshui Chinese Painting Museum); "New Year Poem Scroll" (1615, Seikado Bunko Art Museum, Japan), and "New Year Village Celebration Scroll" (1618, color on paper, 132.9 cm high × 64 cm wide, Palace Museum, Beijing), the latter detailing Wu region New Year rituals. In his later years, he painted "Immortal Mountains and Pavilions" (Nanjing Museum, 167.7 cm high × 79.2 cm wide) with strong, rounded lines. Li Shida set a personal rule to "paint only Chinese painting and critique only Chinese painting for life" and, in his old age, used the theory of the “Five Beauties and Five Evils” to evaluate art.