珀西·范·埃曼·伊沃里

1883-1960 American

寫實西部與北方插畫

艾佛里出生於加州沙加緬度，他的童年是在西部環境中度過的，這一環境後來成為他許多插畫的背景。18歲時，他進入舊金山的馬克·霍普金斯藝術學院學習，兩年後在《日落雜誌》上發表了幾幅線描畫。1904年，他申請並被位於威爾明頓的霍華德·派爾學校錄取。到1905年秋，派爾為這位年輕藝術家向《麥克盧爾雜誌》和《科利爾週刊》的編輯撰寫推薦信，敦促他們考慮採用艾佛里的作品。 1906年，他接受了《星期六晚郵報》的一項重要委託，為約瑟夫·康拉德的墨西哥冒險故事《加斯帕爾·魯伊斯》繪製插圖。艾沃里曾於1904年訪問墨西哥，他依靠旅途中收集的照片和服裝，使他的插圖具有真實感。真實性始終是他作品中的關鍵問題，他積累了大量古董家具、服裝和槍支，用作工作室道具。在《加斯帕爾·魯伊斯》之後，他又接到了許多其他委託，使他的作品得以發表在當時大多數主流雜誌上。他專攻西部場景，捕捉了當代作家對舊西部願景中特有的刺激與暴力。他的畫作還配發了關於極北地區的故事，其中包括傑克·倫敦的幾篇作品。 By 1909, Ivory had left the Pyle studios and, along with three other Pyle school alumni - W.H.D. Koerner, E. Roscoe Shrader, and Herbert Moore - set up a studio in Claymont, Delaware. There, the "four horsemen of Naamans", as Shrader later called the group, pursued their professional careers. In 1915, Ivory and his wife spent the summer in California, Alaska, and the Yukon, where the artist took many photographs of the region as studies for later illustrations. Although Ivory maintained a studio in Philadelphia for a short period in 1913 and 1914, he did most of his work in Wilmington until 1918, when he moved to New York City. There he joined a group of artists based in the Studio Building at West Tenth Street, and, in the company of artists like photographer G.W. Harting and writer-painter Kahlil Gibran, Ivory continued his efforts. By this time, however, tastes in illustration were changing and fewer commissions came Ivory's way. With the onset of the Depression, his career was cut short. Although Ivory later painted for personal enjoyment after the effects of the Depression subsided, he no longer supported himself through his art. 來源：《一所小型藝術學校》，羅蘭·埃爾齊亞和伊麗莎白·H·霍克斯（編輯）。特拉華藝術博物館。1980年