西蒙内·马尔蒂尼

1284-1344 Italian

国际哥特式优雅风格先驱

西蒙内·马丁尼是一位出生于锡耶纳的意大利画家。他是早期意大利绘画发展中的重要人物，并对国际哥特式风格的发展产生了深远影响。 人们认为马尔蒂尼是杜乔·迪·博宁塞尼亚的学生，后者是当时锡耶纳画派的领军人物。根据文艺复兴晚期艺术传记作家乔尔乔·瓦萨里的说法，西蒙内则是乔托·迪·邦多内的学生，他曾随乔托前往罗马，在旧圣彼得大教堂作画，乔托也在那里创作了一幅马赛克作品。马尔蒂尼的妹夫（或姐夫）是艺术家利波·梅米。关于西蒙内生平的文献留存极少，许多作品的归属在艺术史学家中仍存在争议。据E. H. 贡布里希所述，他是彼特拉克的朋友，并曾为劳拉绘制过一幅肖像画。 Simone was doubtlessly apprenticed from an early age, as would have been the normal practice. Among his first documented works is the Maestà of 1315 in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. A copy of the work, executed shortly thereafter by Lippo Memmi in San Gimignano, testifies to the enduring influence Simone’s prototypes would have on other artists throughout the 14th century. Perpetuating the Sienese tradition, Simone’s style contrasted with the sobriety and monumentality of Florentine art, and is noted for its soft, stylized, decorative features, sinuosity of line, and courtly elegance. Simone’s art owes much to French manuscript illumination and ivory carving: examples of such art were brought to Siena in the fourteenth century by means of the Via Francigena, a main pilgrimage and trade route from Northern Europe to Rome. Simone’s other major works include the Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou (1317, now Museo di Capodimonte, Naples); this work was painted during a stay in Naples at the request of the king. During this stay, putative pupils were his son Francesco, Gennaro di Cola, and Stefanone. Among other of Simone’s works, he also painted the Saint Catherine of Alexandria Polyptych in Pisa (1319) and the Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus at the Uffizi in Florence (1333), as well as frescoes in the San Martino Chapel in the lower church of the Basilica of San Francesco d’Assisi. Francis Petrarch became a friend of Simone’s while in Avignon, and two of Petrarch’s sonnets (Canzoniere 96 and 130) make reference to a portrait of Laura de Noves that Simone supposedly painted for the poet (according to Vasari). A Christ Discovered in the Temple (1342) is in the collections of Liverpool’s Walker Art Gallery. Simone Martini died while in the service of the Papal court at Avignon in 1344.