西蒙內·馬爾蒂尼

1284-1344 Italian

國際哥德式優雅風格先驅

西蒙內·馬丁尼是一位出生於錫耶納的義大利畫家。他是早期義大利繪畫發展中的重要人物，並對國際哥德式風格的發展產生了深遠影響。 人們認為馬爾蒂尼是杜喬·迪·博寧塞尼亞的學生，後者是當時錫耶納畫派的領軍人物。根據文藝復興晚期藝術傳記作家喬爾喬·瓦薩里的說法，西蒙內則是喬托·迪·邦多內的學生，他曾隨喬托前往羅馬，在舊聖彼得大教堂作畫，喬托也在那裡創作了一幅馬賽克作品。馬爾蒂尼的妹夫（或姐夫）是藝術家利波·梅米。關於西蒙內生平的文獻留存極少，許多作品的歸屬在藝術史學家中仍存在爭議。據E. H. 貢布里希所述，他是彼特拉克的朋友，並曾為勞拉繪製過一幅肖像畫。 Simone was doubtlessly apprenticed from an early age, as would have been the normal practice. Among his first documented works is the Maestà of 1315 in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. A copy of the work, executed shortly thereafter by Lippo Memmi in San Gimignano, testifies to the enduring influence Simone’s prototypes would have on other artists throughout the 14th century. Perpetuating the Sienese tradition, Simone’s style contrasted with the sobriety and monumentality of Florentine art, and is noted for its soft, stylized, decorative features, sinuosity of line, and courtly elegance. Simone’s art owes much to French manuscript illumination and ivory carving: examples of such art were brought to Siena in the fourteenth century by means of the Via Francigena, a main pilgrimage and trade route from Northern Europe to Rome. Simone’s other major works include the Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning His Brother Robert of Anjou (1317, now Museo di Capodimonte, Naples); this work was painted during a stay in Naples at the request of the king. During this stay, putative pupils were his son Francesco, Gennaro di Cola, and Stefanone. Among other of Simone’s works, he also painted the Saint Catherine of Alexandria Polyptych in Pisa (1319) and the Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus at the Uffizi in Florence (1333), as well as frescoes in the San Martino Chapel in the lower church of the Basilica of San Francesco d’Assisi. Francis Petrarch became a friend of Simone’s while in Avignon, and two of Petrarch’s sonnets (Canzoniere 96 and 130) make reference to a portrait of Laura de Noves that Simone supposedly painted for the poet (according to Vasari). A Christ Discovered in the Temple (1342) is in the collections of Liverpool’s Walker Art Gallery. Simone Martini died while in the service of the Papal court at Avignon in 1344.