威廉·布莱尔·布鲁斯

1859 - 1906 Canadian

威廉·布莱尔·布鲁斯

开创加拿大印象派先河

威廉·布莱尔·布鲁斯是一位加拿大画家。他在法国学习,成为加拿大最早的印象派画家之一。他一生的大部分时间生活在法国和瑞典的哥特兰岛,在那里,他与瑞典妻子卡罗琳娜·贝内迪克斯-布鲁斯共同创建了艺术家庄园布鲁斯博,该庄园后来被确立为自然保护区。 威廉·布莱尔·布鲁斯于1859年10月8日出生在加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿,他在科克敦和山区长大。汉密尔顿布鲁斯公园的一块牌匾标记了他童年故居的遗址。他是威廉·布鲁斯的儿子,威廉·布鲁斯1833年出生于苏格兰,于1837年与妻子珍妮特·布莱尔移居汉密尔顿。布鲁斯最初在汉密尔顿学院学习法律,但一心想要成为建筑师,并于1877年在汉密尔顿机械学院学习了一段时间。随后的两年里,他在一家建筑公司工作。他的家人既有音乐天赋也有艺术倾向,很早就注意到了布鲁斯的天赋。1881年,他们送他去巴黎学习,这段旅程持续了多年。他只两次短暂返回加拿大。 In Paris his classical education at Académie Julian included genre scenes and several other subjects. Like other artists of the time he wanted to experience the Parisian art scene and join in the competition to exhibit at the annual Salon in Paris. He also traveled to the artist colony in Barbizon where he and a group of artist friends rented a cottage in 1882, and Grez-sur-Loing where a new generation of Swedish artists, such as Carl Larsson, his wife Karin Bergöö, Bruno Liljefors and August Strindberg had formed a colony. He became acquainted with Impressionism and En plein air or "outdoors painting", a style he came to prefer working with. He also became one of Canada's first impressionist painters. Bruce exhibited at the Salon in 1882. His works received positive reviews but the following year his self confidence and finances deteriorated. His parents were not entirely enthusiastic about his new painting style but he ignored them and began to create very large paintings. His Temps Passé was exhibited at the 1884 Salon although despite this success he remained in financial difficulties. Bruce subsequently suffered a nervous breakdown and hastily returned to Canada for the first time. To compound his problems, the steamship Brooklyn, carrying about 200 of his works, sank outside Anticosti Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence on 8 November 1885. 1885年夏天,布鲁斯在法国遇到了瑞典雕塑家卡罗琳娜·贝内迪克斯。他们坠入爱河,当布鲁斯返回加拿大时,她由哥哥古斯塔夫陪同,意外来访,以说服他回到巴黎。他们于1886年秋天订婚,并于1887年返回欧洲。 Bruce returned to France a bolder artist. In 1887, he and a group of fellow artists such as the American painter Theodore Robinson, travelled to Giverny where they shared a house and, influenced by Monet who lived nearby, painted a number of impressive impressionist sketches. In 1888, on his return to Paris, he painted The Phantom Hunter, which became an instant success at the Salon and marked the peak of his career. He and Benedicks married at the British embassy in Stockholm on 4 December the same year. She provided energy and stability for Bruce throughout his life and also became his favorite model. 1889年5月,这对夫妇返回格雷兹,布鲁斯写信给母亲说:"格雷兹[原文如此]比巴比松好得多,事实上是完全不同的地方。"一个月后,布鲁斯还将一些画作卖给了当时正在格雷兹访问的美国艺术家沃尔特·盖伊。布鲁斯和本尼迪克斯-布鲁斯继续每年前往格雷兹,直到1894年。他们租了一栋小房子,这里曾是卡尔·拉森及其妻子卡琳的家。正是在这里,布鲁斯创作了他的《露天画室》(现藏于斯德哥尔摩国家美术馆)。这幅画描绘了从他们在格雷兹的住所看到的景色,画中本尼迪克斯-布鲁斯在遮阳屏后户外进行蚀刻创作。1895年,这对夫妇短暂前往加拿大的汉密尔顿,布鲁斯在六族保留地进行了绘画创作。在整个19世纪90年代,他们过着波希米亚式的生活,前往意大利的卡普里岛和瑞典,在那里他们爱上了哥特兰岛及其光线。 1900年至1906年间,这对夫妇在哥特兰岛建造了一座名为布鲁斯博(Brucebo,瑞典语意为"布鲁斯居住的房子")的避暑住宅。在这里,布鲁斯从事绘画、业余考古活动,并与当地人交往;而贝内迪克斯-布鲁斯则致力于雕塑和蚀刻创作,同时打理花园以及她在布鲁斯博收养的众多动物。 布鲁斯于1906年11月17日在斯德哥尔摩突然去世,享年47岁,贝内迪克斯-布鲁斯随后永久定居于布鲁斯博。布鲁斯去世后,1907年在巴黎举办了一场纪念展览,展出了他的122件作品。卡罗莱娜将他创作的29幅画作捐赠给汉密尔顿市。这笔捐赠成为1914年开放的汉密尔顿美术馆的基础。尽管布鲁斯在晚年享有良好声誉,曾15次参加沙龙展,并在伦敦、多伦多、斯德哥尔摩、布法罗等地举办展览,还影响了许多加拿大年轻艺术家,但截至2015年,他仍然相对默默无闻。他的大部分作品可以在布鲁斯博看到,如今该地是由布鲁斯博基金会管理的博物馆。 贝内迪克斯-布鲁斯一直居住在布鲁斯博,直至1935年2月16日去世。

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Artworks by this artist (3 total)