威廉·克罗奇
英国杰出作曲家与神童
William Crotch was an English composer and organist. According to Nicholas Temperley he was "a child prodigy without parallel in the history of music", and was certainly the most distinguished English musician in his day. William Crotch was born in Norwich, Norfolk, to a master carpenter. Like Mozart, he showed early musical talent as a child prodigy, playing the organ his father had built. At the age of two he became a local celebrity by performing for visitors, among them the musician Charles Burney, who wrote an account of his visits for the Royal Society. The three-and-a-half-year-old Crotch was taken to London by his ambitious mother, where he not only played on the organ of the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace, but for King George III. The London Magazine of April 1779 recorded: 他似乎最喜欢庄严的曲调和教堂音乐,尤其是第104篇诗篇。每当他演奏完一首完整的曲子、曲子的一部分,或即兴弹奏一些自己的小花样音符后,便会停下来,表现出顽童般的嬉闹举动;此时,在场的人通常会给他一块蛋糕、一个苹果或一个橙子,以诱使他再次演奏…… 克罗奇后来指出,这段经历使他成为一个相当被宠坏的孩子,人们过度纵容他,只为让他表演。 克罗奇曾一度担任牛津大学基督堂教堂的管风琴师,并随后从该校获得音乐学士学位。他的早期清唱剧《犹大被掳》于1789年6月4日在剑桥大学三一学堂演出,当时他年仅14岁;他成年后最成功的作品是清唱剧《巴勒斯坦》(1812年)。他可能于1793年创作了威斯敏斯特钟声,该钟声每逢大本钟整点报时便会响起。1797年,他成为牛津大学的希瑟音乐教授,并于1799年获得音乐博士学位。在牛津期间,他结识了音乐家兼艺术家约翰·马尔凯尔,并开始学习素描。他沿袭马尔凯尔的风格,在每幅画作上记录确切的时间和日期;1805年,他在伦敦遇见艺术家约翰·康斯特布尔,并将这一习惯传给了这位更为著名的艺术家。 1822年,他被任命为皇家音乐学院的首任院长,但十年后辞职。他的著名学生包括威廉·斯特恩代尔·贝内特、露西·安德森、斯蒂芬·科德曼、乔治·乔布·埃尔维、奇普里亚尼·波特和查尔斯·肯辛顿·萨拉曼。1834年,为纪念威灵顿公爵就任牛津大学校长,克罗奇创作了第二部清唱剧《犹大被掳》。这部1834年的作品与他于1789年童年时期创作的同名清唱剧几乎没有相似之处。 他在萨默塞特郡汤顿的儿子家中度过了晚年,并于1847年突然去世。他被安葬在汤顿郊外毕晓普斯赫尔的圣彼得和圣保罗教堂墓地。
Relationship Network
Master student
- William Sterndale Bennett Student
Influenced
Artworks by this artist
- Tom Tower, Christ Church, Oxford
- Windsor Castle View, King George IV Gate and the Round Tower, July 28, 1832 1832
- Balloon over Holland Street, Kensington, 22 July 1835, 7 p.m. 1835
- Windsor Castle, Devil’s Tower, July 17, 1832 11 am 1832
- View of Windsor from down the River 1832
- Budleigh, Salterton… An easier way of descending ye cliff 1833
- St. George’s Chapel and The Castle Wall From Bier Lane, July 18, 1832, 1 pm 1832
- Windsor Castle From Above the Bridge, July 18, 1832, 12 Noon 1832
- Battle Abbey, Sept. 8, 1807 1807
- St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, West End, July 19, 1832, 10 am 1832