楊維楨
元明之際奇崛詩壇領袖
楊維楨(1296–1370),字廉夫,號鐵崖、鐵笛道人,又號鐵心道人、鐵冠道人、鐵龍道人、梅花道人等,晚年自號老鐵、抱遺老人、東維子。他是紹興路諸暨州楓橋全塘(今浙江省諸暨市楓橋鎮全塘村)人。他是元末明初的詩人、作家和畫家。 楊維楨自幼聰慧,其父楊弘對他寄予厚望。泰定四年(1327年),他考中進士,出任天台縣尹。然而,因懲治貪腐的地方官吏而遭到其他貪官的報復,他被免職。此後,他在錢清鹽場任職,因請求減免鹽稅而受到責罰,導致十年未獲任命。後來,他升任建德路推官,繼而晉升為江西儒學提舉。元朝末年,他為避亂隱居富春山,後遷居錢塘(今杭州)。張士誠佔據浙西時,多次徵召楊維楨,但他均予拒絕。之後,他移居松江,寄情山水與閒適生活,吸引了東南地區的眾多才俊學者前來拜師求學。 楊維楨的詩歌尤以古體樂府詩著稱,其風格既婉麗動人,又豪放自然。這種風格在歷史上被稱為「鐵崖體」,深受歷代文人推崇。有人稱他為「一代詩宗」,或讚其「開創新風,以奇才脫穎而出」,而當代學者楊煉則稱他為「元末江南詩壇的領軍人物」。他著作頗豐,現存作品近二十種,包括《春秋合題著說》、《史義拾遺》、《東維子文集》、《鐵崖古樂府》、《麗澤遺音》和《復古詩集》等。 In calligraphy, he excelled at running and cursive scripts, with strokes that are bold and energetic, described as having the momentum of a general returning from battle, troops celebrating victory, or a broken axe swinging through a window. Surviving works include his regular script *Epitaph for Zhou Shangqing*, running script *Zhang Family Tongbo Qianbiao*, *Zhenjing’an Muyuanshu Scroll*, *Yuzhiwo Inscription*, *Southern City Correspondence Poems*, *Poems Drinking with Wife on Lantern Festival Night*, and cursive script *Dreaming While Traveling in Haitang City Scroll*, *Bamboo West Cottage Record Scroll*, *Zhili Zhai Letters*, *Late Season Hall Poems*, and *Preface to Shen Sheng Yuefu*. Most of his other ink works are found in letters and inscriptions on paintings and calligraphy pieces.