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1847
Thomas Couture's massive 1847 masterpiece throws a wild, chaotic party to show exactly why the Roman Empire fell apart. Instead of noble heroes, we see a sprawling banquet of drunken revelers, collapsing figures, and scattered wine jugs set against grand, crumbling columns. It was a huge hit at the Paris Salon, perfectly capturing the 19th-century obsession with moral decline and historical drama. The painting was so influential that a young Édouard Manet actually studied under Couture to learn how to paint, though he later rebelled against this very academic style.
Location: Musée d'Orsay, Paris
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