郭熙
北宋山水畫巨匠
郭熙(1023—約1085),字淳夫,北宋河南溫陽人(今河南省溫縣)。他是畫家兼繪畫理論家。出身平民家庭,早年遊歷以尋求靈感,後加入皇家畫院,最終擔任翰林待詔一職。 He studied landscape painting under Li Cheng, and his representative works include 'Early Spring' and 'Studying Rocks and Distant Views,' which are kept in the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the Palace Museum in Beijing respectively. His theoretical work 'Lofty Ambitions in Forests and Streams' summarizes the principles of landscape painting creation. 宋神宗熙寧元年(1068年),他被召入翰林圖畫院,主持宮殿壁畫工程。其早期畫風工整細緻;後期融合李成技法並加以創新,創造出「卷雲皴」和「蟹爪枝」等筆法。晚年筆力更為雄健,擅長繪製大幅山水畫。 他提出了「高遠、深遠、平遠」的構圖理論,強調表現不同季節的景色和空間層次的變化,並主張透過對自然的細緻觀察來提煉藝術意境。 元豐年間,他積極從事藝術創作,留下許多描繪雲煙變幻與山巒的作品,常與李成並稱「李郭」。