弗雷德里克·沃倫·弗里爾
芝加哥印象派婦幼畫家
弗雷德里克·沃倫·弗里爾是一位傑出的芝加哥醫生之子,其父曾擔任拉什醫學院院長。童年的一場疾病導致他部分失聰,這促使他被鼓勵投身藝術。1867年,他的父母帶著弗雷德里克和他的妹妹科拉前往慕尼黑,在皇家學院學習,當時該學院是美國人頗受歡迎的藝術學校。甚至在全家返回家鄉之前,他就已開始向芝加哥設計學院(芝加哥藝術學院的前身)的展覽寄送作品,而那時距離1871年大火僅有數週之久。兩年後,弗里爾參加了首屆州際工業博覽會藝術展,並於1876年當選為芝加哥設計學院成員,這標誌著他在當地聲譽的日益提升。 在1877年至1880年間的第二次歐洲旅居期間,弗里爾與一些美國領先的僑民藝術家交往, notably 包括慕尼黑風格的重要代表弗蘭克·杜維內克,以及美國印象派繪畫的先驅威廉·梅里特·蔡斯。回到美國後,弗里爾定居紐約市,積極參與眾多藝術家組織,並廣泛展出作品。他涉獵各種題材類型,探索多種媒介,包括蝕刻、粉彩畫和水彩畫;在19世紀80年代末,他甚至作為書籍插畫家而備受需求。第三次出國旅行之後,弗里爾在紐約的藝術學生聯盟任教。結婚後,他開始專門創作女性和兒童的形象,他的妻子和夫婦的六個孩子經常擔任模特。其中一幅作品的成功展覽使弗里爾當選為紐約國家設計學院的準會員,並於1889年在巴黎世界博覽會上展出作品。 Possibly to take advantage of Chicago’s plentiful art opportunities, Freer returned home in 1890. Thereafter, he adopted the brighter colors and distinct brush strokes of impressionism in some of his figural works and painted landscapes outdoors and on site, according to impressionist practice. Freer was a beloved instructor at the Art Institute where he began teaching in 1892. Busy with local portrait commissions, he continued to exhibit nationally and to serve on juries, including the national art jury for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. At the exposition he won a medal; other honors were awarded to his work in exhibitions at the National Academy, the Art Institute, and other venues. Freer was among a handful of artists of his generation who maintained a national presence while living in Chicago: “One of Chicago’s Own Boys—He Was Born Here and His Pictures Are Known the World Over,” trumpeted a headline in the Chicago Evening Post in 1891.i The artist’s successful career was capped by a retrospective show presented at the Art Institute in early 1906, two years before his death at age fifty-eight. 溫蒂·格林豪斯,博士
Relationship Network
Master student
- Frederick Carl Frieseke Student
Fellow student
Artworks by this artist
- The Old Veil circa 1886-88
- Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Margaret Cecilia Keenan circa 1886-7