約翰·奎多爾

1801-1881 American

荷蘭紐約文學題材畫作

約翰·奎多爾是一位美國畫家,擅長歷史與文學題材。他現存已知畫作約35幅,其中大多數以華盛頓·歐文關於荷蘭統治時期紐約的故事為基礎,並從哈德遜河谷以及威廉·霍加斯、艾薩克·克魯克香克、詹姆斯·吉爾雷、德比的約瑟夫·賴特和喬治·莫蘭等英國畫家那裡汲取靈感。 約翰·奎多爾於1801年出生在紐約州的塔潘。他的家人於1810年搬到了紐約市。1818年,17歲的他開始跟隨約翰·韋斯利·賈維斯學徒(當時藝術家亨利·因曼也在那裡受訓),這是他接受的唯一藝術訓練。這次學徒經歷並不成功。奎多爾覺得賈維斯沒有給予他足夠的關注,反而更偏愛因曼,這導致奎多爾於1822年以違反契約為由起訴賈維斯,並贏得了251.35美元的賠償。由於他不得不承認自己受到的訓練不足,這場訴訟對他的聲譽損害比對賈維斯的更大。 Following his apprenticeship, Quidor earned a living by painting banners and doing decorative work on steamboats and fire engines for New York's fire companies. None of his decorative work is known to have survived. Starting in 1823, he began creating paintings based on literary themes, including, his first two efforts, "Dorothea" and “Don Quixote Imagines Melisendra’s Rescue by a Moor” both paintings based on the Miguel de Cervantes novel, Don Quixote; then following with Washington Irving's short stories Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle and James Fenimore Cooper's book The Pioneers. During this part of his career, he took on Thomas Bangs Thorpe and Charles Loring Elliott as his apprentices. Of his time working for Quidor, Thorpe recalled that "in all the time we were with Quidor, many months, I do not remember of his giving us anything but easel room and one or two very common engravings to copy. He would absent himself from his studio for days and weeks together. When present, if not painting on a banner or engine back, he would generally lie at full length on the long bench." 1835年12月16日,一場大火摧毀了位於運河街46號的奎多爾工作室。這一事件,加上該地區兩次重大的霍亂疫情以及19世紀30年代末的金融危機,促使奎多爾離開紐約。他於1837年移居伊利諾伊州昆西,並於1844年購買了一座價值8,000美元的農場,費用是通過繪製八幅大型宗教畫布支付的,這些作品基於本傑明·韋斯特作品的版畫。這些畫布於1847年在紐約展出,但目前的下落和狀況不明。 1851年,奎多爾返回紐約,並在那裡居住直至1869年退休。在此期間,他的風格發生了變化。他簡化了構圖,使用了更窄的色彩範圍,並用清漆稀釋顏料,使其風格化、筆觸緊張的近乎消失於朦朧的背景中。他顯然在1868年停止了繪畫。從1869年到1881年去世,他住在新澤西州澤西市,與他的大女兒同住。

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