Admonitions Scroll - Frontispiece - Qianlong

Gu Kaizi

Admonitions Scroll - Frontispiece - Qianlong by Gu Kaizi

Reading right to left, these bold characters spell 'Fragrant Vermilion Brush' (Tong Guan Fang), a title penned by Emperor Qianlong himself for the front of the famous *Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies*. Originally attributed to the legendary 4th-century master Gu Kaizi, this scroll served as a moral guide for imperial women, illustrating proper behavior and virtue. The 'vermilion brush' was a tool used by female historians to record good deeds, so the Emperor was essentially giving this masterpiece a glowing review. The sea of red stamps surrounding the text are collector's seals—including the Emperor's own—showing just how obsessed he was with preserving this ancient treasure.

Technique
Calligraphy
Material
Ink on paper
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